Essay on CrowdsourcingEssay Writing Service

Essay on CrowdsourcingEssay Writing Service Essay on Crowdsourcing Essay on CrowdsourcingIt is really difficult to imagine nowadays that there were times, when computers simply didn’t exist they were not invented yet. Thus absolutely all operations were executed by people, with involvement of purely human resources, irrespective of the task. Then the times came, when the computers were created, the first ones got the name – Automatic Computers. Correspondingly, a lot of routine activities and tasks were passed to them, this means, that machines have actually started to perform some of the human’s functions, using the Artificial Intelligence. Further on we are going to discuss the term of crowdsourcing, its major characteristics, advantages and draw backs.Explaining the notion of crowdsourcing, it is necessary to mention, that the main concept of the process is the obtaining of some services or information, some content or other types of contributions, via involving of huge groups of people, mostly based on the creations of onl ine communities, instead of getting this information and ideas from concrete employees. Rather often the notion of crowdsourcing is studied in relation to the names of Robinson and Howe, who was a writer and an editor at Wired Magazine. They were the first individuals to use this term in the year 2005, during their discussion of the application of the Internet for various types of businesses (Howe 2008). The phrase â€Å"outsourcing to the crowd† they quickly transformed into the notion â€Å"crowdsourcing†. A year later a more concrete definition of this term was published, stating that crowdsourcing is â€Å"the act of a company or institution taking a function once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally large) network of people in the form of an open call. This can take the form of peer-production (when the job is performed collaboratively), but is also often undertaken by sole individuals† (Ess 2010). Crowdsourcing gained po pularity, which certainly could be explained by several sufficiently important advantages, it was able to bring to businesses and their development. First of all this practice provided the possibility to have access to talented and originally-thinking individuals from all over the world. Secondly, there is a chance to study the product from an absolutely different perspective in comparison to those of specialists, working over some concrete problem or innovation for some certain period of time already. Also one of the advantages is related to the number of individuals, working over some problem and performing some task, instead of one or two workers of the company only. Finally, the more people are involved into the process, the more chances to gather sufficient and original information are available.â€Å"Crowdsourcing can involve division of labor for tedious tasks split to use crowd-based outsourcing, but it can also apply to specific requests, such as crowdfunding, a broad-base d competition, and a general search for answers, solutions, or a missing person† (Ess 2010). According to the statistical researches, more than 50 % of all business companies all over the world apply crowdtesting, as one of the major techniques for better development of their products. This practice certainly presumes the provision of software testing services.It is necessary to take into consideration the fact that there are not only advantages, which are related to application of crowdsourcing, logically there are also several major controversies. It was already mentioned that the huge number of new ideas coming is rather an advantage, at the same time it is necessary to remember, that idea itself costs nothing, as long as there is no financial possibility to develop and implement it. This means that all crowdsourcing projects need involvement of capital. At the same time this number of ideas has certainly a huge potential for revealing of really interesting ones, however so me of these good ideas â€Å"get lost† in the crowd, and are not used due to various reasons. In case the crowdworkers get the tasks, which are split into some minor tasks, they are paid for performing of them, this leads to the situation, when they feel the need just to perform as many tasks as possible, just with the aim of earning more money. There is a strong necessity to verify the responses, thus there are additional resources and additional time involved, which certainly has negative impact upon expenses distribution. Taking also in consideration the lack of sufficient interaction with direct clients, it is possible to assume, that crowdsourcing is rather risky for the final quality of a product.Overall, this paper is devoted to such wide-spread practice as crowdsourcing; having provided the general historical information in relation to the subject, along with the definition of the notion, we have also studied the major advantages of crowdsourcing, which explain its wi de application in the modern business world; at the same time we have briefly overlooked the possible problems, related to the process of passing of concrete tasks to crowds and computers, instead of performing of them by concrete individual workers, even under the condition of splitting of the tasks into some minor portions of work.

Discerning Edits

Discerning Edits All edits are  your friend. I previously belonged to an online critique group. It was superb, able to stick to pure feedback because we werent facing each other, chatting, and distracted. In the 13 years I belonged to that group, my writing leaped in tremendous, gigantic bounds. Not that they were literary giants, That group knew me before I was published, and six years before the first book was published. They helped mold me. They gave me confidence. They taught me how to edit, but more so, they taught me how to accept edits discernibly. Critiquers and editors come with history, experience, preferences, and baggage. Theyve picked up what they deem as rules and mantras that they write and edit In belonging to this hard-core online group, I had to develop a thick skin. I also had to develop a professional tact when I critiqued in return. Most of all, I had to learn that all the edits I received werent necessarily gospel, and all the edits I delivered didnt have to be used. That was the most profound lesson I carried from that group. . . and I thank the heavens I had that group for as long as I did. I can accept an edit and go through it with my own red pen, accepting and declining the comments. . . while feeling perfectly fine about myself and the other person when its over. Unfortunately, over this extended time three of the group members died, another lost his wife and therefore his desire to write, and in trying to regain its size, the group accepted some folks who practically dismantled it with derogatory remarks instead of pure editing. The serious writers silently stepped away from the folks who couldnt accept the fact that their critiques werent in stone, and they werent immune to negative remarks about their own work. Too much inflexibility. As with all critique groups, they grow, shrink, change for the better, and change for the worst. It fizzled, which broke my heart. However, I recall those strong, active days with fondness and a deep appreciation for what I learned being willing to be flexible in edits. Learning to edit discernibly  is one of the best traits a serious writer can have.

MARKETING PLAN FOR SKAGEN DESIGN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

MARKETING PLAN FOR SKAGEN DESIGN - Essay Example Entry Modes for International Marketing 9 Export-based Entry Mode 11 Contractual Entry Modes 11 Foreign Direct Investment 12 Joint Venture as appropriate mode for Skagen Design to enter China 13 Why Joint Venture for Skagen Design? 13 Marketing Objectives of Skagen Design 14 Product Mix 16 Price mix 16 Place mix 16 Promotion Mix 17 STP strategy of Skagen Design 17 Segmentation strategy of Skagen Design 17 Targeting Strategy of Skagen Design 18 Positioning Strategy of Skagen Design 18 Conclusion 18 References 19 Introduction 3 Skagen Design: Company Overview 3 Analysis of Internal and External Environments 5 SWOT analysis 5 Strengths and Opportunities 6 Weaknesses and Threats 6 Market Choice for Skagen Design 7 China and Business opportunities 7 Entry Modes for International Marketing 9 Export-based Entry Mode 11 Contractual Entry Modes 11 Foreign Direct Investment 12 Joint Venture as appropriate mode for Skagen Design to enter China 13 Why Joint Venture for Skagen Design? 13 Marketing Objectives of Skagen Design 14 Product Mix 16 Price mix 16 Place mix 16 Promotion Mix 17 STP strategy of Skagen Design 17 Segmentation strategy of Skagen Design 17 Targeting Strategy of Skagen Design 18 Positioning Strategy of Skagen Design 18 Conclusion 18 References 19 Introduction In today’s competitive business environment, marketers are required to develop certain strategies to help them achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Out of various marketing strategies, going global is one of the most effective strategies as it not only widens the market potential but also help the firm seize more marketing opportunities. A marketer is one who designs and creates benefit or utility that deliver the want or need-satisfying power to the customers (Boone and Kurtz, 2009, p. 5). In a global marketing perspective, marketers are to identify its customers, research in to their requirements and develop products or services accordingly so as to market them globally. This piece of research paper presents an international marketing plan for Skagen Design to help the management team in deciding about the best appropriate entry mode to launch its business in China. The report presents a detailed marketing audit of Skagen Design and investigates marketing objectives an d better marketing strategies for the company in relation to its international marketing plan to China. Skagen Design: Company Overview Skagen design, started as a small business upstart in 1989 in Denmark, has now emerged to be a successful multinational company designing, making and marketing stylish Danish designed watches, sun glasses, jewels and related accessories (Zacks Equity Research, 2012). It’s co-founders Henrik and Charlotte Jorst came to USA to start their own business in 1989 by developing the idea of a business opportunity from the Danish lifestyle and philosophy and started their business by marketing well designed watches and other accessories (Skagen, 2012). This illuminates an example of how effectively a business dream can be converted to reality by exploring newer business opportunities and marketing newer ideas. As Crane (2009, p. 3) noted, a successful entrepreneur starts thinking creatively from finding a hidden marketing opportunity and develops his marketing by identifying customers’ specific requirements and by developing products accordingly. Henrik and Charlotte Jorst developed the business idea based on the marketing potential for supreme quality watches made in Danish spirit, elegant design, skillful craftsmanship, perfect technology and so on. With its mission to create a Skagen Global Community ingrained with a commitment to design impressive and unique products and to offer high valued customer services, the company has long been able to generate a positive zeal among its customers. As of very recent report, Fossil Inc is proposing to purchase Skagen Design for a total value of $236 million including 150,000 shares in Fossil Inc (Zacks Equity Research, 2012). Skagen Design ltd is manufacturing and marketing watches, sun glasses and jewels for both men and women offering its products and services through third party retailers as well as online stores. Apart from administrative offices and manufacturing plants sit uated in Nevada, it operates stores in Tokyo, Nagoya, Japan, Taiwan and markets it products to various countries such as Singapore, Malaysia,

Copyright Law Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Copyright Law Master - Essay Example In many cases, the competition for this standard will be fierce,(n6) because the winner likely will have intellectual property rights in the technology and hence reap a significant reward. Such incentives often are needed for the development of objectively good standards. Yet, as a consequence of granting intellectual property rights, a monopoly is created in a product that Internet users need. Once an Internet technology becomes a standard, how can the owner of the corresponding copyright be prevented from extracting monopoly rents and thereby negating the increase in consumer welfare that the standard created It is an understatement to say that the Internet has become an important communications and commercial network. The large number of Internet consumers grants each user the benefit of network effects -- the effects of a system whose value to a given user increases with the number of users of that system --- a significant externality that affects decisions by potential new participants. Network effects are particularly important with regard to the Internet, because the more users it has, the more valuable it is as an information resource, a communications tool, and a marketplace for goods and services. In fact, the network effect of the Internet would be destroyed were it not for the adoption of common standards to ensure compatible communication. For example, computers use the public domain protocol TCP/IP, which allows the network effect to prosper, because it allows everyone using the Internet to speak the same language. Without such compatibility, email messages would not be readable by, and web pages would not be accessible to, all users; such facile interchange is precisely the value of being on the network in the first place. Thus, the need for compatibility also drives the standardization of Internet protocols and tools, because the network effect requires users to be on the same network. Copyright in the Age of Internet Copyright is a relatively neglected area as far as economists are concerned and it occupies a backseat by comparison to the economic analysis of patents and R&D. This is surprising since it plays a major role in industries that are increasingly important in post-industrial economies, the cultural industries (publishing, sound recording, film, broadcasting) and computer software. It is a fruitful area for the application of law and economics, for modern theories of industrial organisation and for public choice theory. Copyright law provides the institutional framework for markets in the cultural sector of the economy. Each country has its own national copyright law; however, the necessity for that law to be effective with international trade of cultural products has led to harmonisation of copyright across countries. The author may license, assign or sell these fights outright or in part or transfer them to an agent. All such transactions are made through contracts. Only the author's moral right in the work may not be sold or transferred1. The right way to evaluate policy on copyright is to undertake empirical analysis of the economic effects of changes to the law and to see how markets respond to them. It does not seem that this approach has so far even been considered in European policy-making on copyright. Principal-Agent

Bank of America Corporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bank of America Corporation - Research Paper Example One reason why it is important to analyze Bank of America Corporation as a profitable banking sector is its large market share and the amazing offers it provides to its customers in all its branches that puts it as the world’s biggest and wealthiest corporate company, as reported by Giannone (2009). If only the bank can reach out to the opportunities that exist by accommodating even the low-income earners, no doubt it can become the largest banking and financial service centre in the word. It has continued to offer banking and financial services to its clientele in the US. The bank boasts of featuring as the 13th largest corporate company, according to the CNN fortune 500 company ranking. It has a primary listing base in the United States. It has its headquarters in Charlotte, North Carolina, and enjoys a large market in the banking industry. This shows that the institution has a potential of expanding beyond measure if it decides to be tactical in its operation. Although it has the ability to compete favourably with other banking and financial institutions, it has to up its game since its rival banking institutions are also offering almost the same products. One thing it should do is to conduct a thorough feasibility study on some of the new range of products not yet tapped by other competitors. By the time competitors become aware of the existence of that particular product, the bank shall have identified another new product altogether. This is the actual utilization of the strengths of an organization to outdo other organizations through taking advantage of their weaknesses. According to a recent Annual Report by Moynihan (2011), the bank features as the second largest in the US by assets having its branches in 50 states in the US and about 40 branches in the world. The external analysis purely indicates that the bank operates where there is stiff competition almost in all its branches and therefore any mistake made by the bank results in insurmountable losses.     

A Study Of The Political Theories Of Cicero Politics Essay

A Study Of The Political Theories Of Cicero Politics Essay Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman philosopher, political theorist, politician and statesman lived from 106 to 43 BC. In modern scholarship, Cicero is thought to be one of the most engaging of the Roman philosophers, and was responsible for introducing the chief Greek schools of philosophy to Rome, even though at the time he was more focused on his own political career. Cicero wrote a great deal about customs, rights, law, and society, so it is natural that his works included a lineage from Greece on the subject of honesty and ethics. Cicero believed that in order to have a true friendship with someone one must have complete honesty, truth and trust. This honesty was extended not only to personal friends, but to society in general, since that forms the basic template for the individual to actualize. Also, friends do things for each other without expectation of repayment. An individual has a responsibility, in fact, to help friends maintain the correct and moral path. Since evil is define d as ignorance, to maintain friendship it is necessary to rebuke ignorance and be honest (If a friend is about to do something wrong, one should not compromise ones morals. One should explain what is wrong about the action, and help ones friend understand what is right, because Cicero believed that ignorance is the cause of evil. Finally, friendships come to an end because one person in the friendship becomes evil, or dishonest. Similarly, without abject faith in honesty, society cannot exist. The Ancient Greeks argued over the needs of the individual as opposed to the needs of the State (Athens, for example); and throughout history generals and heads of state have had to balance out the ends versus the means of attainment. The concept even made it to the motion picture screen and was given a popular treatment in the science fiction movies Star Trek 2 and 3.  [1]  At the center of this debate is the notion that many remain dissatisfied with the definition of good or appropriate being at the whim of a particular social order, or ruling elite. This concept continued within the philosophical debate through Aquinas, Locke, and Kant. Hobbes and Locke differed, and put forth the notion that there were natural rights, or states of nature, but disagreed on the controlling factors of those natural tendencies. Kant took this further, reacting, and argued that a state or society must be organized by the way laws and justice was universally true, available, and, most importantly, justified by humanity. Yet, for Kant, these laws should respect the equality, freedom, and autonomy of the citizens. In this way Kant, prescribed that basic rights were necessary for civil society, and becomes a rubric by which we may understand modern utilitarian principles and their interdependence with the concept of human rights. In general, utilitarianism is an ethical system most often attributed to John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham, both 19th century social philosophers commenting on conditions arising from the Industrial Revolution. Utilitarianism holds that the most ethical thing one can do is any action that will maximize the happiness within an organization or society. Actions have quantitative outcomes and the ethical choices that lead to the greatest good for the greatest number are the appropriate decisions, even if that means subsuming the rights of certain individuals. It is considered to be a consequential outlook in the sense that while outcomes cannot be predicted the judgment of an action is based on the outcome or, the ends justify the means. Deontology is similar, arguing that there are norms and truths that are universal for all humans; actions then have a predisposition to right or wrong, moral or immoral. Kant believed that humans should act, at all times, as if their individual action s would have consequences for all of society. Morality, then, is based on rational thought and is the direction most humans innately want. Roughly, deontology is the means justify the ends. A classic illustration comparing the two ideas has you as a Police Captain managing a situation in which a sniper is shooting individuals who pass by a busy downtown square, apparently at random. The police have cornered the shooter and have their own sharpshooters ready for a kill shot. However, the shooter grabbed a child and is using her as a human shield. Do you authorize your own snipers to take a shot, knowing there is a chance of killing the child; or wait and risk the shooter killing more pedestrians? Certainly, the human shield did not wish to die, but then neither did the hundreds of potential victims on the street and in office buildings surrounding the shooter. If you take a utilitarian approach you give the order to shoot and hope the child is missed if you take the deontological approach you hold that childs one life in the same reverence as the publics good. Obviously, neither answer is completely right nor wrong but situationally dependent, which would be anathema to both Kant and Mill, who saw the world in much clearer terms. What if, for instance, the child will grow up to discover the cure for cancer and thus save millions of people? However, what if the person who might be the next President and develop a global peace accord is in the building across from the shooter giving a presentation and is randomly shot? Too, what if a future megalomaniac is shot during this exchange, thus preventing pain and suffering at some future date? Thus, morality and ethics are not always right or wrong. While there are some agreed upon moral duties we share as humans and should follow in order to preserve a working society, so too are there times which require us to act extraordinarily to save or enhance lives. The key, as it has been since Ancient Greece, is to have the intellectual and moral toolbox with which to make such a decision.

The Amazing Color-coded Campus :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

The Amazing Color-coded Campus At a glance ours had seemed the perfect school, with its large remodeled buildings, looming green trees and a campus filling a whole city block. Everyone wanted to go there, just so that they could cut class and escape to the real world. For me, leaving a private school where everyone looked and acted the same for a school known for having the largest and most diverse student body in the United States was nothing less than a dream come true. On my first day, though, I realized why my parents had originally yanked me out of public school. I had rejoined all those same kids who six years before had been stapling their ears, whispering talk of sexual things I'd never heard of, and literally gluing themselves to their seats after being told to do so figuratively. In a way I was glad, having spent six years at a school whose students' only quirks were random temper tantrums and acting out scenes from the latest novel they'd finished. The school had fences protecting us from the outside world, and how it might make us feel about ourselves. I had learned to disappear in that crowd, to appear as one of them when I felt like an outsider. I would listen to their stories of shoplifting, knowing their allowances covered anything their hearts desired, and lie about my own shoplifting experiences. I couldn't help but think that there was more beyond those gates, things that mattered and things that were real. The sky seemed to hang dangerously low above my head that day, the clouds so thick and gray it was if the universe ended at their edges. I had survived a week of high school, but still walked around campus feeling anxious, as if everyone could see I was shaking inside. My eyes scanned the people pouring from the buildings, desperately wanting to find my best friend. Through the undulating sea of students, which lightened and darkened every couple of feet, I finally spotted Kay doing her best to be invisible. The path to where we ate curved through "The Slopes," where black and Latino football players hung out, and "The Bricks," which held mainly white seniors. Ashamed of our nervousness to walk through "The Slopes," we looked only at each other and talked in hurried tones.