Your role is to evaluate the significant progress and barriers to achieving one of these pillars. Based on iatas four pillar strategy The WritePass Journal

Your role is to evaluate the significant progress and barriers to achieving one of these pillars. Based on iatas four pillar strategy Abstract Your role is to evaluate the significant progress and barriers to achieving one of these pillars. Based on iatas four pillar strategy by 1.4%, but this could be largely attributed to the 2.7% capacity increase, when combined with efficiency savings. The purpose of this paper is to look at the pillars very briefly, before focusing on one of these pillars and considering the impact that this has had on the aviation industry. Consideration will be given to the pillar under analysis and, through the use of a PESTLE analysis, the impact on the industry will then be looked at with a view to identifying how this can be improved for all parties, in the future. As part of the agenda for change, four pillars were identified that needed to be targeted in the long run. These were technology, operations, infrastructure and economic measures. For the purposes of the analysis here, the economic measures will be looked at in conjunction with understanding the challenges faced by the aviation industry, in order to meet with these economic measures, but also to retain a commercially viable offering, in keeping with the pressures on the economy, as a whole. The other measures such as infrastructure, technology and operations will all have a direct impact on the industry, for example, the governments are required to consider the better approach to structuring the aviation industry, so that it is easier to create efficiencies. This could include the relocation of airports, or the storage associated with commercial airlines, so as to reduce the amount of trade required to these sites. For some companies, this presents a real opportunity, as they are able to gain access to new routes and increased efficiencies, but for others, it may be a challenge when it comes to redirecting routes or being able to maintain its budget approach, by virtue of the airport routes (nternational Civil Aviation Organisation 2004). The issue here, however, is in relation to the economic measures and restrictions that are placed on the industry. This is recognised as being an approach that may be necessary as a result of a failure in one of the three other pillars. The economic measures are therefore seen as measures of last resort, where it is necessary for the industry to put in place restrictions that are operable across the entire industry and create a co-ordinated approach that is cost effective (Hartzell   2006). This would mean that airlines would only be accountable once, but would be required to comply with these central standards. PESTLE Analysis (Political Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal) In order to consider this pillar further, as well as the potential barriers to its implementation, a PESTLE analysis of the industry will be undertaken, with specific reference to the challenges now being presented as a result of the economic measures. This will offer a real understanding of the reasons why the measures might fail. This will ultimately then allow for possible solutions to be ascertained and put forward for the future. Political There is a great deal of political pressure on the aviation industry to conform (and be seen to conform) with these international requirements. Individual companies within the aviation industry are required to ensure that they keep records, make efforts to comply and are able to accurately state their position and plans to reduce their environmental impact (TE/CAN-Europe 2006). Governments, as they have signed up to the agreement, are now also putting in place their own requirements for those within the aviation industry, such as the need to report on CO2 emissions and their carbon footprints, as part of their annual report, again placing political pressures on the company itself. Furthermore, the political pressure on the government in question is reflected in the need for the overall structure to change. As part of this, however, there are incentives being offered including grants to purchase new more efficient aircrafts and the ability to gain rewards for those organisations that are particularly efficient environmentally. Despite this, there is no one overall coherent situation which presents a real challenge for the airline industry, in terms of planning for the future (Jowett,2005). Economic The airline industry is facing a substantial economic challenge, aside from that attached to the four pillars of climate change. With more families facing financial pressures, there is a likely reduction in the amount of travel for leisure purposes and an increasing desire for families to consider cheaper alternatives, or at least to look for cheaper options, such as budget airlines or less popular routes. Alongside this, there have been challenges to the bottom line, due to increasing fuel costs and the threat of fines from the Environment Agency, if they are unable to comply with carbon emission limits. Furthermore, other governmental requirements have been placed on the industry in relation to the need to have additional security and whilst this is not directly limited to the environmental measures, it is another indication of the way in which the government is impacting and restricting the economic freedom of the industry (The Observer 2005). Social Families are becoming considerably more widespread, with regular foreign holidays becoming increasingly popular. This and an increasing global approach to the sale of goods and products also increase the demand for cost effective transport. This is potentially in direct conflict with the demands being placed on organisations to ensure that they comply with environmental standards. On the whole, however, it is suggested that the public in general will support the agenda of increasing the interest in environmental impact, thus providing an opportunity for companies to use this as a selling point to the public, particularly if they exceed the standards being set (Lee 2004) . Technological This is a pillar in itself, showing a recognition that technology provides real opportunities within the airline industry, both to create overall efficiencies, but also to deal with the environmental concerns that arise currently. The technology force is seen to be two fold. Technology can be used to create efficiencies, for example, to plan routes and to determine the most appropriate way of providing the end service (The Guardian 2006). Automation and factors such as checking in passengers all offer efficiency saving options, but the main issue here is that technology allows for issues such as carbon emissions to be monitored more actively and this can then be used to manage the progress of a company and as a means of looking for improvements for the future (Graham 2000). Environmental The very essence of the issues being considered here is the increasing demands being placed on all industries to consider the environmental impact that they are having, both locally and globally. The airline industry is a particularly vast, due to the heavy environmental impact that it has, on a global level, and as such it is then necessary to comply with the standards agreed by the various different governments, during the recent IATA conference (Owen and Lee 2006). Having an enforced standard is therefore going to place a burden on the airline industries, although also potentially offers opportunities, as the governments look at ways of creating incentives to match the targets being placed on the industry to improve its position and also to use this as a means of gaining a good PR story and being seen to be environmentally conscious. Legal Legal requirements relating to environmental performance are becoming increasingly stringent, in the UK, with the government now looking to enforce certain behaviours on the industry. Other areas of legal scrutiny are also increasing the pressure on the industry; however, for the purposes of this analysis, it is noted that the main concern is the legal requirement on companies to report their status on their environmental capability and also to ensure that they remain aware of the future demands, so that investment can be made, as and when, rather than being a substantial financial burden, at a point in the future (Green Skies Alliances 2006). Any failures in this area could result in costly and time consuming legal battles and may ultimately result in the fining of the company by agencies such as the Environment Agency.   Barriers and Possible Solutions By looking at the issues above and the focus that is now being shown by the IATA on economic measures, as well as the impact that this is having on the airline industry, as a whole, there are some obvious barriers to these measures being successful. Firstly, there is the need to identify that, whilst there has been a co-operative approach to the climate change agenda, there is no one coherent system in place. This creates difficulties for both individual governments when it comes to creating a set of rules and regulations that are compliant with the overall standards, but are also relevant to the individual country. A potential solution to this barrier would be the need to offer greater flexibility to the individual jurisdictions to aim towards the overall goals, but without being too prescriptive in their approach (Trucost   2004). Secondly, a real barrier that is being faced is the fact that the airline industry is facing a variety of challenges, as it currently stands and therefore adding pressures to this is not going to work well with the industry, in terms of gaining acceptance. It is suggested, therefore, that although there need to be fines and restrictions put in place, a greater emphasis also needs to be put on the incentives and encouragement of the airline industry to behave in a certain way; for example, by allowing those companies which exceed their standards to gain a financial benefit, or by offering grants when the companies are considering making environmentally friendly improvements (Sewill 2003). Finally, it is suggested that one of the man barriers is that companies simply do not see a benefit being derived and therefore environmental restrictions are seen as being very negative to their current bottom line. A way of combating this would therefore be to assist companies in deriving a benefit from these restrictions; for example, by offering a grading that the company can then publicise and use as part of its marketing. The consumer public, as a whole, supports the idea of becoming more environmentally friendly and, as such, a method whereby the airline industry can gain a positive branding from complying with standards will be a way of offering an incentive and gaining more positive support, rather than being viewed as something that simply must be complied with. References Graham A (2000) Demand for leisure travel and limits to growth. Journal of Air Transport Management 6, pp109–118. Green Skies Alliance (10/7/06) Leaked Government report sets out alarming growth in air travel emissions. Pressrelease. Hartzell J (Aug 2006) Carbon offsets. Internal Paper, Ethical Property Company, Oxford. International Civil Aviation Organisation (Feb 2004) Operational opportunities to minimise fuel use and reduce emissions. ICAO Circular 303-AN/176. International Civil Aviation Organisation (Mar 2006) ATM-related environmental activities.Working paper ALLPIRG/5-WP/21. International Climate Change Taskforce (Jan 2005) Meeting the climate challenge: Recommendations of the International Climate Change Taskforce. IPPR, London. Jowett, K. (Nov 2005) Flights of fancy over aircraft pollution. Article in Transport Times. Lee D (2004) The science of aviation induced climate change. Proceedings of the UK Energy Research Centre, ‘Workable metrics for the EU emissions trading scheme’.Lee D (2006 Owen B and Lee D (Mar 2006) Allocation of international aviation emissions from scheduled air traffic – future cases, 2005–2050 (Report 3). Manchester Metropolitan University Centre for Air Transport and the Environment, Final report to DEFRA Global Atmosphere Division, Sewill B (Feb 2003) The Hidden Cost of Flying, Aviation Environment Federation, London. TE/CAN-Europe (2006) Clearing the air: the myth and reality of aviation and climate change. TE 06/2, Brussels. The Guardian (27/1/06) Passengers abandon northern flights for Virgin’s high-speed west coast tilting Pendolinos. The Guardian (22/2/06) Most Britons willing to pay green taxes to save the environment. Report based on a poll 17–19 Feb 2006. The Observer (26/6/05) Britain backs curb on cheap flights. Report based on a poll 10–12 June 2005. Trucost (Mar 2004) Emissions trading and European Aviation – the effects of incorporating aviation into the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, London

Butterflies Are Free, a Full-Length Play

Butterflies Are Free, a Full-Length Play Don Baker and Jill Tanner have adjoining apartments in a lower income section of New York City in the late 1960s. Don is in his early 20s and Jill is 19 years old. The play opens with Don moving around his meticulously kept apartment while talking on the phone with his mother. Jill is watching TV loudly in her place. Since the walls are paper-thin, the two neighbors talk to each other in their separate dwellings before Jill finally invites herself over. She is a flighty, commitment-phobe, who has recently moved to New York to attempt a career as an actress. Some keys to her personality include her escape from her life in California, her constant search for food to munch on, and a six-day marriage when she was just 16 years old. (Read an online copy of the monologue in which Jill describes the circumstances of her startlingly short marriage.) Don has lived a sheltered life and his move to New York for two months is a deal he has struck with his mother to prove to himself and to her that he is self-sufficient and can live on his own. The reason he has never lived apart from his mother is that Don is blind. He is only beginning to discover who he is and what he might like to do with his life. The two neighbors quickly fall for each other. At the end of the first act, they have climbed into his bed and begun an affair. Jill is as fascinated with Don’s life as Don is with her. The two seem to balance each other out and make a good match. But before Don and Jill have had a chance to put their clothes back on, again in walks Don’s mother who just happened to be in the neighborhood after a shopping trip to Saks Fifth Avenue (30-some blocks away). She is less than pleased with what she has found. Mrs. Baker is understandably protective of her son and sees Jill as a ship passing in the night. She dislikes the girl and after Don leaves to get food from a deli, she explains to the 19-year-old what a life with Don entails. To the flighty and erratic young girl, the picture Mrs. Baker paints sounds more like a prison than a life. Jill decides to take Mrs. Baker’s advice and proceeds to fall into the arms of a director at her next audition. The play climaxes with Don and Jill fighting about the glaring personality flaws they see in one another and Don dealing with feeling doomed to move back in with his mother. Jill leaves him in a furious state and Don frantically moves around his apartment until he becomes disoriented, trips over his furniture and falls on the floor. Jill comes to investigate and regrets their fight. The play ends with a slight hope for their relationship. Production Details The production notes for Butterflies are Free are as specific and meticulous as the apartment of a man who is blind would need to be. The script, available from Samuel French, includes a detailed floor plan for the set as well as a four-page prop list. Lighting and costume needs are minimal, but the set pieces are described in detail by the characters within their dialogue and therefore need to be constructed accordingly. The two most important items are Don’s lofted bed over the door to his bathroom and a bathtub/dining table. Both are described in the dialogue and the production notes. Cast Size:  This play can accommodate 4 actors.Male Characters:  2Female Characters:  2 Roles Don Baker  is a young  blind man. He is in his 20s and excited to be living on his own for the first time in his life. He is appreciative of his protective mother but is ready to experience a less sheltered life. He quickly falls for his exciting and independent neighbor, but he is naà ¯ve in his expectations for their relationship. Jill Tanner  is young enough and pretty enough that she can afford to be reckless in her decisions and relationships. She is fascinated by and attracted to Don. There is real chemistry between them, but her flighty nature rebels against the idea that Don could tie her down to a life she is ill-equipped to lead. Mrs. Baker  is Don’s overbearing but well-meaning mother. She does not approve of him moving away from home to New York. It is as  big a step for her to let her son live independently as it is for Don to actually be living on his own. She is abrupt and controlling, but ultimately this is because she has her son’s best interests at heart. Ralph Austin  is the director of Jill’s new show. He is more than thrilled to have the amorous attentions of the pretty young girl. He is excited to meet Don after everything Jill has told him about Don’s life. Ralph is unaware of the effect his words and presence have on everyone in the apartment when he shows up late at night with Jill. Content Issues:  Sexual talk and relationships, limited clothing, language Music The song that Don writes that serves as the title of the show. â€Å"Butterflies are Free,† is under copyright by Sunbury Music, Inc. There is  a video that contains an excerpt of the song from the movie  and  Samuelfrench.com  offers the sheet music. Productions Butterflies Are Free  debuted in 1969 at the Booth Theater in New York City.Goldie Hawn and Edward Albert starred in the  1972 film production of Butterflies Are Free.Production Rights for Butterflies Are Free  are held by  Samuel French, Inc.You can read  portions of the script on Google books.

The Rhetorical Tradition Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Rhetorical Tradition - Term Paper Example By defining this, there was also the ability to understand the power of rhetoric and both the good and harmful aspects of this. The belief which Plato held was that through true rhetoric, truth and justice could be found; however, this had to be without the intent of manipulation or power, as approached from the Sophists. The first concept which Plato introduces in his work comes from the indictment of rhetoric in Gorgias. The analysis which Plato condemned in terms of the Sophists and Gorgias was based on how rhetoric and philosophy was not able to create crucial or persuasive forces when speaking. Plato stated that the rhetoric used was not defined by finding truth, but instead was based on the other intentions behind the persuasion. â€Å"Because Plato so successfully anticipates the major issues that attend rhetoric throughout its long history – issues like power, the potential for manipulation, and rhetoric’s relationship to truth – Gorgias has long been vi ewed as a valuable treatment of the Sophists in particular and rhetoric in general† (Herrick, 2009, p. 57). The approach which Plato takes toward Gorgias, as well as the Sophists, is based on the concept that manipulation and power were the basis of the intent of speaking and persuasion. This was done instead of working to solutions or finding the truth of a given situation. Plato points out that the politicians as well as others in power had the most use for this, specifically because the rhetoric could be used to persuade others to move in a different manner. The concept of the rhetoric used for power and manipulation was combined with the question of what rhetoric should be used for and how this could change the intent of one speaking for persuasion. The concept which Plato uses is one that shows that there is a need to question the purpose of rhetoric, what it is used for and the intent behind the individual who is speaking. The question was based on what the nature of per suasion was used for and why it was used. â€Å"In Gorgias, Plato addresses major questions attending rhetoric throughout its history†¦What was the nature of rhetoric? Does rhetoric by its very nature tend to mislead? What happens to a society when persuasion forms the basis of law and justice?† (Herrick, 2009, p. 58). The concept that Plato was challenging was based on the intent of rhetoric. If the rhetoric is used for power, then it becomes untrue and doesn’t provide a sense of persuasion. When looking at rhetoric one could define that the nature of persuasion was one which was either for justice or was for power and manipulation. The nature then became dependent on the intent of persuasion as well as the way in which the rhetoric was used. The underlying problem which Plato challenged with the rhetoric of the Sophists became the one which questioned the persuasion as the form of law and justice. If the persuasion was used as a way to convince others of somethi ng of justice and truth, then it could be considered fair. However, Plato’s argument was that the Sophists used the persuasion to form law and justice. This was not based on justice, truth or fairness, but was instead based on persuasion and manipulation that could be used to form power and wealth among politicians and others. The concept that Plato defines is the art of rhetoric, in which one could create the belief that the persuasion was

Trade Unions in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Trade Unions in Britain - Essay Example The trade unions in Britain traditionally had a system in which the bargaining was based on industries. This gave the trade unions a sense of institutional security in their operations within the private sector. By 1950, approximately 60% of the workers in the private sector were under collective agreements that had their origins outside their firm of employment. Several events and developments however combined to cause the decline of the trade unions and their influence (Fernie & Metcalf 202). The decline of the trade unions in Britain began in the years since 1979. This was after the election of Margaret Thatcher’s government that had conservative policies that were aimed at weakening the trade unions (Wrigley 2002, p40). This decline followed a period of rapid growth and increase in membership and influence in the 1950s. The collapse of the trade unions could therefore be anticipated following the decline experienced. There were several factors that contributed to the decli ne and the eventual collapse of the trade unions. ... The decline in the unions was also seen in the collective bargaining influence which was said to have declined from 70% to 40% in the years between 1980 and 1998 (Brown et al. 2003, p199). The future of the trade unions in Britain has largely been discussed. The discussion in based on the impact that the trade unions are expected to have in the future, and whether the trade unions are expected to grow or face a decline. The purpose that the trade unions serve has also come under scrutiny. It is however important to understand the role that the trade unions are expected to play so that one can understand the impact that they are likely to have in the country. It is also important to understand the crucial role that is played by the trade union and their function in the country. The 1999 Employment Relations Act in Britain was a significant step in marking the recovery of the political influence held by the trade unions. This came after many years of exclusion from the process of polic y making. The act has also been important in that it has stimulated the increase in the organization of unions, and helped the trade unions in getting recognition from the employers. The act has also paved way for the trade unions to adopt policies that are aimed at increasing their membership across all sectors of the economy. There are however many limitations to the influence that trade unions wield on the Labor government in Britain. While the trade unions have an opportunity to engage the government in dialogue over various labor policies, the government often ignores many of the ideas and representations of the trade unions. The trade unions also find it

The Most Useful (or Important) Scientific Invention Essay Example for Free

The Most Useful (or Important) Scientific Invention Essay The microscope is considered one of the most useful and important scientific inventions known to man. The microscope was invented by Anton van Leeuwenhoek during the seventeenth century. Leeuwenhoek was not a scientist by profession. Initally he made a living selling clothes and buttons, but spent his spare time grinding lenses and constructing microscopes of remarkable quality, such as the light microscope. The light microscope could magnify cells, for instance in plants so you could see a clearer and bigger picture of what they are made of. Over the years, scientists improved on Anton van Leeuwenhoeks microscope by creating microscopes with higher magnifications and far better resolutions, so specimens examined had a sharper image. The latest improvement was the electron microscope, which uses electron beams instead of lamps or mirrors reflecting light like the light microscope. As a result, microscopes have made science today, appear to have more substance, inviting the interest of many young and even old minds. Microscopes also provide the opportunity to identify unknown objects, judging from the various characteristics they may have, so they can be grouped or classed along with others. For instance, microscopes can differentiate between two cells, due to the presence or absence of contents they are supposed to contain. The electron microscope is usually used in such cases as it can magnify the internal structures of a cell where as the light microscope would just give an idea of how the structures are spaced in the cell and not necessarily their characteristics. As simple as this may seem, this differentiation can lead to the diagnosis of a disease that a person may have. This is the main reason why microscopes are so important and useful not only in medical research, but in survival of life as well. The identification of many viruses, fungi, plants, animals and bacteria are owed to the invention of the microscope. Without the microscope, people would not be aware of diseases they may have, which could be life-long, fatal, or contagious, resulting in many deaths and illnesses around the world as there is no way diseases can be cured without being identified. Therefore, the invention of the microscope has proven itself to be very useful from the day of its invention to today, leaving room for even more improvement for years to come.

Curbing illegal immigration in the United States Essay examples -- Imm

Immigration, both legal and illegal, has been an issue since the first European set foot on the shores of this country. Approximately 400,000 new illegals enter the United States each year. With an estimated 11,000,000 people currently living in the U.S. illegally, the problem has reached critical mass (Haerens 18). Dealing with this, costs the country an estimated $113 billion annually: $16.4 billion in Texas alone (Barnes C1). According to the Center For Immigration Studies, tax credits paid to illegal immigrants exceeded payments by illegals by $7.3 billion during the period from 2005 to 2010 (Schulkin 2). Education, health, food assistance, police, and municipal support, also contribute to the overall cost. Many experts and politicians, on both sides of the debate, claim to have solutions to the problem. Sadly, most of them address the symptoms and not the cause. For all the rhetoric, current immigration laws and policies have done little to curtail the influx of illegals into the US, over the past ten years (Passal C2). Consequently, immigration control remains a poorly managed problem. By evaluating the reasons individuals enter this country, and how other countries manage their immigration problem, a different perspective and perhaps novel way to deal with the issue may be considered. A significant motivating factor for illegal entry to the USA is the disparity in lifestyles of their homeland compared to America. Life, for people outside the US, can be very hard. For example: indigenous Mayans in Mexico and Central America suffer severely from racial prejudice. Many peasants in Thailand, Vietnam and China, with hopes of a better life for their offspring, unknowingly ‘sell’ their sons and daughters into prostitution. Life... ...migrant-population- brnational-and-state-trends-2010/. Pomfret, James. Out of Africa and Into China, Immigrants Struggle .Reuters UK. 29 August 2009. Print. Schulkin, Peter. Illegal Immigrants Receive Billions of Dollars More From The IRS Than They Pay In. Center For Immigration Studies, 2011. Print. Slevin, Peter. Deportation of Illegal Immigrants Increases Under Obama Administration. Washington Post. Washington Post Company, 26 Jul. 2010. Web. 14 Oct 2010. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2010/07/25/AR2010072501790.html. Steiner, Niklaus. International Migration and Citizenship Today. Routledge, 2009. Print. Tamny, John. Markets Solve the Immigration Problem. Forbes Magazine. 26 Jan. 2009. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. http://www.forbes.com/2009/01/25/immigration-economy- mexico-oped-cx_jt_0126tamny.html

Insulin and American Diabetes Association

Diabetes is an endocrine disease that affects the blood sugars of individuals throughout the United States. It is one of the leading causes of death. There are three different types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and type 2 diabetes. Hispanics are the second highest minority diagnosed with diabetes. Hispanics are less likely to seek medical care because of cultural beliefs and lack of insurance. There is also a genetic link to Hispanics and diabetes.â€Å"Type 1 diabetes, once known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy† (Mayo Clinic, 2013). This diabetes is common during adolescence but is possible during adulthood. There is no cure for type 1 diabetes but there are medicines that can help an individual that is dealing with this disease. Signs and symptoms for type 1 diabetes is increased thir st, frequent urination, hunger, weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision.  (Mayo Clinic, 2013)Risk factors for type 1 diabetes are famlial history, location, genetics, and viral exposure. â€Å"Exposure to Epstein-Barr virus, coxsackievirus, mumps virus or cytomegalovirus may trigger the autoimmune destruction of the islet cells, or the virus may directly infect the islet cells† (Mayo Clinic, 2013). Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy. It is when sugar levels are high because the â€Å"body is not able to produce and use all the insulin it needs during pregnancy† . The cause of gestational diabetes is still unknown.Pregnant women are usually tested for gestational diabetes between 24 to 28 weeks but doctors could recommend early testing if the pregnant woman shows signs of diabetes. If it is not controlled, the unborn child could be affected by the high sugar levels. The glucose passes through the placenta and causes the baby’s pancreas to produce mor e insulin to help control the sugar levels. The increase of energy that the glucose gives the unborn child is too much so instead of the baby using it up, it is stored as fat. This increase of fat may cause macrosomia.Macrosomia may cause problems during delivery because it increases the baby’s weight and size. Also, â€Å"the extra insulin that the baby’s pancreas makes may cause newborns to have very low blood glucose levels at birth and are also at higher risk for breathing problems† . According to American Diabetes Association (2013), babies that are born with low levels of sugar are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life. â€Å"Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolize sugar (glucose)†.When an individual has type 2 diabetes their body does not produce enough insulin or their body ignores the insulin it has produced. This is commonly in adulthood but there is an increased of cases in adolescent beca use of the obesity is increasing. If type 2 diabetes is untreated, it can be life threatening or cause other health complications. Some complications that may occur are heart disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, eye damage, foot damage, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. â€Å"An individual can manage the condition by eating well, exercising and maintaining a healthy weight† .Risk factors that will contribute to a individual getting type 2 diabetes are their weight, fat distribution, inactivity, familial history, race, age, and if they had gestational diabetes or prediabetes. â€Å"Prediabetes is a condition in which your blood glucose levels is higher than normal, but not too high to be classified as diabetes† . Race plays a factor in type 2 diabetes. African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian American (Pacific Islanders) are more susceptible to it. According to the American Diabetes Association (2013), there are 25.8 million children and adults in the United States living with diabetes.Of those 25. 8 million people 11. 8% of them are Hispanics. Hispanics have a higher rate because of their lack of access to quality health care, social and cultural factors, or genetics. â€Å"The United States Department of Health and Human Services estimates 1 out of every 3 Hispanics do not have health insurance† . Without health insurance Hispanics are least likely to visit doctors for preventive care. This increases their chances to developing a disease that could have been prevented with correct treatment or changes in life style.â€Å"Hispanics are raised to be self-reliant, which may be the reason 42% of them say they have had zero visit to a medical provider† . â€Å"Many Hispanic parents feel guilty about putting their own health needs above those of their families and they feel their time and money could be better spent than using it for preventive care† . They did not go to see the doctor until they are very ill or they use house remedies to help with their illnesses. Sometimes, house remedies worked temporary and then the illnesses comes back stronger than before.At this time, Hispanics might seek professional help. If they do seek medical attention, the doctors find array of illnesses. The doctors attention to the more severe ones and ask them to go back. Since, Hispanics are less likely to see the doctors when they believe they are healthy, they will not go back for a follow-up. Then the cycle may start all over again. A culture factor is Hispanics perceive their weight different than other cultures. â€Å"The researchers found about 25% of the overweight Hispanic women perceive their weight as â€Å"normal† when in fact they are overweight† .The Hispanic culture perceives curves as an attractive feature in women. They are blind to the fact that the curves may be a sign of illnesses such as diabetes. Since Hispanics have a high rate of individuals with diabetes, the pr edisposition of their family members of being diagnose with diabetes is much higher. Studies have shown that when a youth is diagnosed with diabetes there is a 45%-80% chance that one of their parents has diabetes and 74-100% has a first or second degree relative with type 2 diabetes .Diabetes is an illness that greatly affects the Hispanic culture. There are organizations that are trying to create programs to help families and individuals deal with it. The â€Å"National Council for La Raza are focusing their efforts on implementing more healthy shopping programs like the â€Å"Comprando Rico y Sano† (Buying Delicious and Healthy) to help Hispanics make healthier and more economical choices when grocery shopping†. The National Diabetes Prevention Programs is focusing more on finding ways for the prevention of diabetes by getting agencies to help with the cause.They â€Å"encourage collaboration among federal agencies, community-based organizations, employers, insurer s, health care professionals, academia, and other stakeholders to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes among people with prediabetes in the United States†. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. It could easily be prevented by making healthy life changes such as losing weight and eating healthy. If a person is diagnosed with diabetes, they needed to take measures to help control their condition and make a better choice when it comes to their health. Insulin and American Diabetes Association Diabetes Diabetes is an endocrine disease that affects the blood sugars of individuals throughout the United States. It is one of the leading causes of death. There are three different types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and type 2 diabetes. Hispanics are the second highest minority diagnosed with diabetes. Hispanics are less likely to seek medical care because of cultural beliefs and lack of insurance. There is also a genetic link to Hispanics and diabetes.â€Å"Type 1 diabetes, once known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy† (Mayo Clinic, 2013). This diabetes is common during adolescence but is possible during adulthood. There is no cure for type 1 diabetes but there are medicines that can help an individual that is dealing with this disease. Signs and symptoms for type 1 diabetes is incre ased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision.  (Mayo Clinic, 2013)Risk factors for type 1 diabetes are famlial history, location, genetics, and viral exposure. â€Å"Exposure to Epstein-Barr virus, coxsackievirus, mumps virus or cytomegalovirus may trigger the autoimmune destruction of the islet cells, or the virus may directly infect the islet cells† (Mayo Clinic, 2013). Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy. It is when sugar levels are high because the â€Å"body is not able to produce and use all the insulin it needs during pregnancy† . The cause of gestational diabetes is still unknown.Pregnant women are usually tested for gestational diabetes between 24 to 28 weeks but doctors could recommend early testing if the pregnant woman shows signs of diabetes. If it is not controlled, the unborn child could be affected by the high sugar levels. The glucose passes through the placenta and causes the baby’s pancreas to pr oduce more insulin to help control the sugar levels. The increase of energy that the glucose gives the unborn child is too much so instead of the baby using it up, it is stored as fat. This increase of fat may cause macrosomia.Macrosomia may cause problems during delivery because it increases the baby’s weight and size. Also, â€Å"the extra insulin that the baby’s pancreas makes may cause newborns to have very low blood glucose levels at birth and are also at higher risk for breathing problems† . According to American Diabetes Association (2013), babies that are born with low levels of sugar are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life. â€Å"Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolize sugar (glucose)†.When an individual has type 2 diabetes their body does not produce enough insulin or their body ignores the insulin it has produced. This is commonly in adulthood but there is an increased of cases in adoles cent because of the obesity is increasing. If type 2 diabetes is untreated, it can be life threatening or cause other health complications. Some complications that may occur are heart disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, eye damage, foot damage, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. â€Å"An individual can manage the condition by eating well, exercising and maintaining a healthy weight† .Risk factors that will contribute to a individual getting type 2 diabetes are their weight, fat distribution, inactivity, familial history, race, age, and if they had gestational diabetes or prediabetes. â€Å"Prediabetes is a condition in which your blood glucose levels is higher than normal, but not too high to be classified as diabetes† . Race plays a factor in type 2 diabetes. African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian American (Pacific Islanders) are more susceptible to it.According to the American Diabetes Association (2013), there are 25.8 million children an d adults in the United States living with diabetes. Of those 25. 8 million people 11. 8% of them are Hispanics. Hispanics have a higher rate because of their lack of access to quality health care, social and cultural factors, or genetics. â€Å"The United States Department of Health and Human Services estimates 1 out of every 3 Hispanics do not have health insurance† . Without health insurance Hispanics are least likely to visit doctors for preventive care. This increases their chances to developing a disease that could have been prevented with correct treatment or changes in life style.â€Å"Hispanics are raised to be self-reliant, which may be the reason 42% of them say they have had zero visit to a medical provider† . â€Å"Many Hispanic parents feel guilty about putting their own health needs above those of their families and they feel their time and money could be better spent than using it for preventive care† . They did not go to see the doctor until they are very ill or they use house remedies to help with their illnesses. Sometimes, house remedies worked temporary and then the illnesses comes back stronger than before.At this time, Hispanics might seek professional help. If they do seek medical attention, the doctors find array of illnesses. The doctors attention to the more severe ones and ask them to go back. Since, Hispanics are less likely to see the doctors when they believe they are healthy, they will not go back for a follow-up. Then the cycle may start all over again. A culture factor is Hispanics perceive their weight different than other cultures. â€Å"The researchers found about 25% of the overweight Hispanic women perceive their weight as â€Å"normal† when in fact they are overweight† .The Hispanic culture perceives curves as an attractive feature in women. They are blind to the fact that the curves may be a sign of illnesses such as diabetes. Since Hispanics have a high rate of individuals with diabete s, the predisposition of their family members of being diagnose with diabetes is much higher. Studies have shown that when a youth is diagnosed with diabetes there is a 45%-80% chance that one of their parents has diabetes and 74-100% has a first or second degree relative with type 2 diabetes .Diabetes is an illness that greatly affects the Hispanic culture. There are organizations that are trying to create programs to help families and individuals deal with it. The â€Å"National Council for La Raza are focusing their efforts on implementing more healthy shopping programs like the â€Å"Comprando Rico y Sano† (Buying Delicious and Healthy) to help Hispanics make healthier and more economical choices when grocery shopping†. The National Diabetes Prevention Programs is focusing more on finding ways for the prevention of diabetes by getting agencies to help with the cause.They â€Å"encourage collaboration among federal agencies, community-based organizations, employers , insurers, health care professionals, academia, and other stakeholders to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes among people with prediabetes in the United States†. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. It could easily be prevented by making healthy life changes such as losing weight and eating healthy. If a person is diagnosed with diabetes, they needed to take measures to help control their condition and make a better choice when it comes to their health.

American Indians Essay

The people now known as Indians or Native Americans were the first people to live in the Americas. They had been living there for thousands of years before any Europeans arrived. The Vikings explored the east coast of North America around A. D. 1000 and had some contact with Indians (Watson & Howell 1980). But lasting contact between Indians and Europeans began with Christopher Columbus’s voyages to the Americas. In 1492, Columbus sailed across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain. He was seeking a short sea route to the Indies, which then included India, China, the East Indies, and Japan. Europeans did not then know that North and South America existed. When Columbus landed in what is now known as the West Indies, he did not realize he had come to a New World. He thought he had reached the Indies, and so he called the people he met Indians. Almost every Indian group had its own name. Many of these names reflected the pride of each group in itself and its way of life. For example, the Delaware Indians of eastern North America called themselves Lenape, which means genuine people. Today, many Indians refer to themselves as Native Americans. The first Indians came to the New World from Siberia, in Asia. Most scientists think they arrived at least 15,000 years ago. At that time huge ice sheets covered much of the northern half of the earth. The Bering Strait, which today is a narrow area of water that separates Asia and North America, was easily walked across by the Indians who were following the animals that they were hunting. Much later this ice sheet melted and the land bridge became covered with water. By then, Indian groups had already spread throughout the New World, all over North and South America. These Indian groups developed different cultures because of the different climates and landforms in the regions in which they settled. Body Anthropologists, scientists who study human culture, classify the hundreds of North and South American Indian tribes into groups of tribes that are alike. These groups are called culture areas. Some of the cultures of North America are the Arctic; the Northeast, or Eastern Woodlands; the Plains; and Southwest. The Indians spoke hundreds of different languages and had many different ways of life. Some groups lived in great cities and others in small villages. The Aztec and the Maya of Central America built large cities. Some of the Aztec cities had as many as 100,000 people. The Maya built special buildings in which they studied the moon, the stars, and the sun. They also developed a calendar and a system of writing. Many of the Indians of Eastern North America lived in villages. They hunted and farmed, growing such crops as beans, corns and squash (Bains, 1985). Most of the Indians were friendly at first and taught the newcomers many things. The European explorers followed Indian trails to sources of water and deposits of copper, gold, silver, turquoise, and other minerals. The Indians taught them to make snowshoes and sleds and to travel by canoe. Food was another of the Indians’ important gifts. The Indians grew many foods that the newcomers had never heard of, such as avocados, corn, peanuts, peppers, pineapples, potatoes, squash, and tomatoes. They also introduced the whites to tobacco. The Indians, in turn, learned much from the whites. The Europeans brought many goods that were new to the Indians. These goods included metal tools, guns, and liquor. The Europeans also brought cattle and horses, which were unknown to the Indians. The Europeans and the Indians had widely different ways of life. Some Europeans tried to understand the Indians’ ways and treated them fairly. But others cheated the Indians and took their land. When the Indians fought back, thousands of them were killed in battle. At first, they had only bows and arrows and spears, but the Europeans had guns. Even more Indians died from measles, smallpox, and other new diseases introduced by the whites. As the Europeans moved westward across North America, they became a greater threat to the Indian way of life. Finally, most of the remaining Indians were moved onto reservations. Most daily activities of an Indian family centered on providing the main necessities of life such as food, clothing, and shelter. Men and women usually had separate tasks. For example, both men and women were often involved in providing food. But they did so in different ways. In some areas, the women gathered wild plants for food, and the men hunted. In the Northeast and Southeast culture areas, the men hunted, and the women farmed the land. In parts of what are now Arizona and New Mexico and in Middle and South America, the men did the farming. The women gathered plants. In all areas, women were generally responsible for preparing the food. Many Indians married at an early age, the girls between 13 and 15 and the boys between 15 and 20. In some Indian tribes, the parents or other relatives chose the marriage partners for the young people. In other tribes, especially those of North America, a young man could select his own mate. He had to convince the girl and her parents that he would make a suitable husband. In many cases, he offered them valuable gifts to win their approval. Throughout most of the New World, marriage was a family affair and not a religious ceremony. The boy’s family usually gave presents to the bride’s family. Many newly married couples lived with the girl’s family and the husband worked for her family until the birth of a child. Then the couple might establish their own home. But they generally did not move to a new home in a new area. Many other newly married couples joined an existing family group or lived close to one. Some of the couples moved in with other relatives of the woman or with the relatives of the man. This extended family shared with the daily work of the household, including the raising of children. Many Indian groups allowed men to have more than one wife. But this practice was common only among rich or powerful men. After a man died, his wife would often live with his brother as husband and wife even if the brother was already married. Similarly, if a woman died, her family would probably be expected to give her husband another unmarried daughter to replace her. Most Indian families were small because many children died at birth or as babies. Indian children were praised when they behaved well and shamed when they misbehaved. Only the Aztec and Inca tribes had regular schools. Boys and girls of other tribes learned to perform men’s and women’s jobs by helping their parents and older brothers and sisters. After most boys reached their early teens, they went through a test of strength or bravery called an initiation ceremony. Many went without food for a long period or lived alone in the wilderness. In some tribes, a boy was expected to have a vision of the spirit that would become his lifelong guardian. Some groups also had initiation ceremonies for girls. A teenager who successfully completed an initiation ceremony was considered an adult and ready to be married. Food that Indians ate depended on where they lived. Indian tribes that lived on the plains of the United States, where buffalo and other game were plentiful, ate mainly meat. Meat was also the principal food of those Indians who inhabited the woodlands and tundra (frigid treeless plain) of Alaska and Canada. The Pueblo of the Southwest and other farming groups lived chiefly on beans, corn, and squash. Potatoes were an important crop among the Inca. MacNeish (1992) stated that Indians in the tropical areas of South America made bread from the roots of bitter cassava, a small shrub. Tribes that lived near water caught fish and gathered shellfish. Most Indian groups ate berries, nuts, roots, seeds, and wild plants. They also gathered salt and collected maple sap wherever they could. Indians made a kind of tea from such plants as sassafras and wintergreen. Many Indians drank a mild beer that was known as chicha. They made this beer from corn, cassava, peanuts, or potatoes. Indians who ate mostly meat cooked it by roasting, broiling, or boiling. Farming Indians and others who ate chiefly vegetables developed various methods of boiling or baking. They often made pit ovens by lining holes in the ground with hot stones. Indians preserved meat by smoking it or by drying it in the sun. North American Indians mixed dried meat with grease and berries to make a food called pemmican. Most Indians ate with their fingers, but some used spoons made from animal bones, shells, or wood. Indians built many kinds of homes because they lived in different climates and had different building materials available to them (Brandt & Guzzi, 1985). Those who moved about a great deal had simple shelters they could carry easily, or they built temporary shelters. Indians who stayed in one place built larger, more permanent homes. Some groups built large houses where many families lived together. Others had simple dwellings that housed only a few people. In some cases, shelter changed with the season. Some Indians in Canada built snow houses during the winter. But in the summer, they lived in tents made of animal hides. In the United States, these Indians are sometimes called Eskimos. In other areas, the Indians covered their tepees with animal skins or with tree bark. Indians at the southern tip of South America also used skins to cover shelters called windbreaks, which were open on one side. Some tribes of the Northwest made cloth of bark and reeds, and the Pueblo wove cotton cloth. The Aztec, Inca, Maya, and some Caribbean tribes wove beautiful cotton and woolen cloth. Indians in the hot South American areas often wore no clothing at all. In many tribes, a man wore only a breechcloth, a narrow band of cloth that passed between the legs and looped over the front and rear of a belt. Women wore simple aprons or skirts. Indians in colder climates wore leggings, shirts, and robes. Some wore sandals or moccasins to protect their feet. Travel by water was the most common means of transportation. Many Indians used bark canoes, which were light and easy to carry. Some large dugout canoes carried as many as 60 people. The Plains tribes used dogs and, later, horses to pull a load-carrying frame called a travois. Andean Indians used alpacas and llamas as beasts of burden. But these animals could not carry heavy loads, so the people themselves carried most of their goods. People often supported a heavy load on their back with a pack strap called a tumpline. Indians of the Arctic and the Northwest Coast and some other areas hunted or fished for most of their food. They also hunted some birds only for the feathers, and they prized the fur of beavers and certain other animals. Indians in the West got most of their food by gathering wild seeds, nuts, and roots. Even in the Southwest and other farming areas, hunting, gathering, and fishing were important. The most important game animals of North and South America included deer; rabbits and other small game: ducks, geese, herons, seals, sea lions, whales, turtles, and snakes. Bear, buffalo, caribou, elk, and moose lived only in North America. Animals that were hunted mainly in South America included the guanaco, jaguar, peccary, rhea, and tapir. Indians hunted with the same kinds of weapons they used in war. Many bows and arrows, spears, and clubs had special features for hunting. For example, some Indians used unsharpened arrows to shoot birds in trees. These arrows stunned the birds so that they fell to the ground. The Hopi stunned small game with a kind of boomerang. The Indians caught fish with harpoons, hooks and lines, spears, and traps and nets. Tribes of the Northwest Coast also used long poles called herring rakes. These poles had jagged points and could catch a number of herring at one time. In tropical South America, Indians stood on river sand bars and shot fish with bows and arrows. Both North and South American Indians used drugs to catch fish. In one method, Indians chopped up certain plants and threw them in the water. These plants stunned the fish. Then the Indians could easily scoop them out of the water. Indians of the Northeast and the Tropical Forest used slash-and-burn farming methods. They cut down a number of trees and burned them. Then they planted their crops among the trunks. The ashes from the burned trees served as fertilizer. Indians in Mexico and the Southern United States raised turkeys. Wars occurred from time to time among the tribes of the Americas. But not all tribes took part in warfare. Many tribes opposed fighting, and others were so small that they did not have enough warriors to fight a war. Many of the Indian leaders who tried to defend their tribes and land against the white people became famous warriors. They included King Philip, a Wampanoag; Pontiac, an Ottawa; Tecumseh, a Shawnee; Osceola, a Seminole; Crazy Horse, of the Sioux; and Geronimo, an Apache. The bow and arrow was probably the most common Indian weapon throughout North and South America. Some South American tribes put poison on their arrowheads. Many Indians fought with spears and war clubs (Steele & Galdone 1992). The Indians of eastern North America developed a special type of club known as the tomahawk. A weapon of the Aztec consisted of pieces of obsidian (volcanic glass) stuck into a wooden club. South American Indians used blowguns and slings. Warfare gave Indians a chance to achieve high rank in their tribes. On the Plains, it was considered braver to touch a live enemy and get away than to kill the enemy. This act was known as counting coup â€Å"koo†. Warriors on the Plains carried a coup stick into battle and attempted to touch an enemy with it. Those warriors who counted coup wore eagle feathers as signs of their courage.

Essay on CrowdsourcingEssay Writing Service

Essay on CrowdsourcingEssay Writing Service Essay on Crowdsourcing Essay on CrowdsourcingIt is really difficult to imagine nowadays that there were times, when computers simply didn’t exist they were not invented yet. Thus absolutely all operations were executed by people, with involvement of purely human resources, irrespective of the task. Then the times came, when the computers were created, the first ones got the name – Automatic Computers. Correspondingly, a lot of routine activities and tasks were passed to them, this means, that machines have actually started to perform some of the human’s functions, using the Artificial Intelligence. Further on we are going to discuss the term of crowdsourcing, its major characteristics, advantages and draw backs.Explaining the notion of crowdsourcing, it is necessary to mention, that the main concept of the process is the obtaining of some services or information, some content or other types of contributions, via involving of huge groups of people, mostly based on the creations of onl ine communities, instead of getting this information and ideas from concrete employees. Rather often the notion of crowdsourcing is studied in relation to the names of Robinson and Howe, who was a writer and an editor at Wired Magazine. They were the first individuals to use this term in the year 2005, during their discussion of the application of the Internet for various types of businesses (Howe 2008). The phrase â€Å"outsourcing to the crowd† they quickly transformed into the notion â€Å"crowdsourcing†. A year later a more concrete definition of this term was published, stating that crowdsourcing is â€Å"the act of a company or institution taking a function once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally large) network of people in the form of an open call. This can take the form of peer-production (when the job is performed collaboratively), but is also often undertaken by sole individuals† (Ess 2010). Crowdsourcing gained po pularity, which certainly could be explained by several sufficiently important advantages, it was able to bring to businesses and their development. First of all this practice provided the possibility to have access to talented and originally-thinking individuals from all over the world. Secondly, there is a chance to study the product from an absolutely different perspective in comparison to those of specialists, working over some concrete problem or innovation for some certain period of time already. Also one of the advantages is related to the number of individuals, working over some problem and performing some task, instead of one or two workers of the company only. Finally, the more people are involved into the process, the more chances to gather sufficient and original information are available.â€Å"Crowdsourcing can involve division of labor for tedious tasks split to use crowd-based outsourcing, but it can also apply to specific requests, such as crowdfunding, a broad-base d competition, and a general search for answers, solutions, or a missing person† (Ess 2010). According to the statistical researches, more than 50 % of all business companies all over the world apply crowdtesting, as one of the major techniques for better development of their products. This practice certainly presumes the provision of software testing services.It is necessary to take into consideration the fact that there are not only advantages, which are related to application of crowdsourcing, logically there are also several major controversies. It was already mentioned that the huge number of new ideas coming is rather an advantage, at the same time it is necessary to remember, that idea itself costs nothing, as long as there is no financial possibility to develop and implement it. This means that all crowdsourcing projects need involvement of capital. At the same time this number of ideas has certainly a huge potential for revealing of really interesting ones, however so me of these good ideas â€Å"get lost† in the crowd, and are not used due to various reasons. In case the crowdworkers get the tasks, which are split into some minor tasks, they are paid for performing of them, this leads to the situation, when they feel the need just to perform as many tasks as possible, just with the aim of earning more money. There is a strong necessity to verify the responses, thus there are additional resources and additional time involved, which certainly has negative impact upon expenses distribution. Taking also in consideration the lack of sufficient interaction with direct clients, it is possible to assume, that crowdsourcing is rather risky for the final quality of a product.Overall, this paper is devoted to such wide-spread practice as crowdsourcing; having provided the general historical information in relation to the subject, along with the definition of the notion, we have also studied the major advantages of crowdsourcing, which explain its wi de application in the modern business world; at the same time we have briefly overlooked the possible problems, related to the process of passing of concrete tasks to crowds and computers, instead of performing of them by concrete individual workers, even under the condition of splitting of the tasks into some minor portions of work.

Discerning Edits

Discerning Edits All edits are  your friend. I previously belonged to an online critique group. It was superb, able to stick to pure feedback because we werent facing each other, chatting, and distracted. In the 13 years I belonged to that group, my writing leaped in tremendous, gigantic bounds. Not that they were literary giants, That group knew me before I was published, and six years before the first book was published. They helped mold me. They gave me confidence. They taught me how to edit, but more so, they taught me how to accept edits discernibly. Critiquers and editors come with history, experience, preferences, and baggage. Theyve picked up what they deem as rules and mantras that they write and edit In belonging to this hard-core online group, I had to develop a thick skin. I also had to develop a professional tact when I critiqued in return. Most of all, I had to learn that all the edits I received werent necessarily gospel, and all the edits I delivered didnt have to be used. That was the most profound lesson I carried from that group. . . and I thank the heavens I had that group for as long as I did. I can accept an edit and go through it with my own red pen, accepting and declining the comments. . . while feeling perfectly fine about myself and the other person when its over. Unfortunately, over this extended time three of the group members died, another lost his wife and therefore his desire to write, and in trying to regain its size, the group accepted some folks who practically dismantled it with derogatory remarks instead of pure editing. The serious writers silently stepped away from the folks who couldnt accept the fact that their critiques werent in stone, and they werent immune to negative remarks about their own work. Too much inflexibility. As with all critique groups, they grow, shrink, change for the better, and change for the worst. It fizzled, which broke my heart. However, I recall those strong, active days with fondness and a deep appreciation for what I learned being willing to be flexible in edits. Learning to edit discernibly  is one of the best traits a serious writer can have.

MARKETING PLAN FOR SKAGEN DESIGN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

MARKETING PLAN FOR SKAGEN DESIGN - Essay Example Entry Modes for International Marketing 9 Export-based Entry Mode 11 Contractual Entry Modes 11 Foreign Direct Investment 12 Joint Venture as appropriate mode for Skagen Design to enter China 13 Why Joint Venture for Skagen Design? 13 Marketing Objectives of Skagen Design 14 Product Mix 16 Price mix 16 Place mix 16 Promotion Mix 17 STP strategy of Skagen Design 17 Segmentation strategy of Skagen Design 17 Targeting Strategy of Skagen Design 18 Positioning Strategy of Skagen Design 18 Conclusion 18 References 19 Introduction 3 Skagen Design: Company Overview 3 Analysis of Internal and External Environments 5 SWOT analysis 5 Strengths and Opportunities 6 Weaknesses and Threats 6 Market Choice for Skagen Design 7 China and Business opportunities 7 Entry Modes for International Marketing 9 Export-based Entry Mode 11 Contractual Entry Modes 11 Foreign Direct Investment 12 Joint Venture as appropriate mode for Skagen Design to enter China 13 Why Joint Venture for Skagen Design? 13 Marketing Objectives of Skagen Design 14 Product Mix 16 Price mix 16 Place mix 16 Promotion Mix 17 STP strategy of Skagen Design 17 Segmentation strategy of Skagen Design 17 Targeting Strategy of Skagen Design 18 Positioning Strategy of Skagen Design 18 Conclusion 18 References 19 Introduction In today’s competitive business environment, marketers are required to develop certain strategies to help them achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Out of various marketing strategies, going global is one of the most effective strategies as it not only widens the market potential but also help the firm seize more marketing opportunities. A marketer is one who designs and creates benefit or utility that deliver the want or need-satisfying power to the customers (Boone and Kurtz, 2009, p. 5). In a global marketing perspective, marketers are to identify its customers, research in to their requirements and develop products or services accordingly so as to market them globally. This piece of research paper presents an international marketing plan for Skagen Design to help the management team in deciding about the best appropriate entry mode to launch its business in China. The report presents a detailed marketing audit of Skagen Design and investigates marketing objectives an d better marketing strategies for the company in relation to its international marketing plan to China. Skagen Design: Company Overview Skagen design, started as a small business upstart in 1989 in Denmark, has now emerged to be a successful multinational company designing, making and marketing stylish Danish designed watches, sun glasses, jewels and related accessories (Zacks Equity Research, 2012). It’s co-founders Henrik and Charlotte Jorst came to USA to start their own business in 1989 by developing the idea of a business opportunity from the Danish lifestyle and philosophy and started their business by marketing well designed watches and other accessories (Skagen, 2012). This illuminates an example of how effectively a business dream can be converted to reality by exploring newer business opportunities and marketing newer ideas. As Crane (2009, p. 3) noted, a successful entrepreneur starts thinking creatively from finding a hidden marketing opportunity and develops his marketing by identifying customers’ specific requirements and by developing products accordingly. Henrik and Charlotte Jorst developed the business idea based on the marketing potential for supreme quality watches made in Danish spirit, elegant design, skillful craftsmanship, perfect technology and so on. With its mission to create a Skagen Global Community ingrained with a commitment to design impressive and unique products and to offer high valued customer services, the company has long been able to generate a positive zeal among its customers. As of very recent report, Fossil Inc is proposing to purchase Skagen Design for a total value of $236 million including 150,000 shares in Fossil Inc (Zacks Equity Research, 2012). Skagen Design ltd is manufacturing and marketing watches, sun glasses and jewels for both men and women offering its products and services through third party retailers as well as online stores. Apart from administrative offices and manufacturing plants sit uated in Nevada, it operates stores in Tokyo, Nagoya, Japan, Taiwan and markets it products to various countries such as Singapore, Malaysia,